Understanding Heart Valve Disease

Heart valve disease is a condition that affects the valves of the heart, which play a crucial role in ensuring blood flows in the right direction through the heart’s chambers. Understanding this condition is essential for maintaining heart health and seeking timely treatment. 

What Is Heart Valve Disease?

Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s valves do not work correctly. There are four valves in the heart: the aortic, mitral, pulmonary and tricuspid valves. These valves open and close to regulate blood flow through the heart’s chambers. When they don’t function properly, it can lead to various health issues.

Types of heart valve disease

There are several types of heart valve disease, including:

• Stenosis: This occurs when a valve does not fully open, restricting blood flow.
• Regurgitation: This happens when a valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward.
• Atresia: This is a congenital condition where a valve is not formed properly, obstructing blood flow.

What Causes Heart Valve Disease?

Several factors can cause heart valve disease. These include:

Congenital heart defects

Some people are born with heart valve abnormalities. These congenital defects can affect the structure and function of the valves.

Age-related changes

As we age, our heart valves may undergo changes, such as thickening or calcification, which can lead to stenosis or regurgitation.

Infections

Certain infections, like rheumatic fever or endocarditis, can damage the heart valves and lead to heart valve disease.

Other health conditions

Conditions such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and heart attacks can affect the heart valves’ function.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease?

Recognizing the symptoms of heart valve disease is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activities or when lying down.
• Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, particularly during exertion.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak, even with minimal activity.
• Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations or a fluttering sensation in the chest.
• Swelling: Swelling in the ankles, feet or abdomen, known as edema.
• Fainting: Sudden episodes of lightheadedness or fainting.

How Is Heart Valve Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosing heart valve disease involves several tests and procedures, including:

Physical examination

A healthcare provider will listen to your heart with a stethoscope to detect any abnormal sounds, such as murmurs, which may indicate valve problems.

Echocardiogram

This ultrasound test uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and function, helping to identify valve abnormalities.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect irregularities in heart rhythm that may be associated with valve disease.

Cardiac catheterization

In this procedure, a thin tube is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to measure pressure and assess blood flow through the valves.

What Is the Treatment for Heart Valve Disease?

Treatment for heart valve disease depends on the severity of the condition and the specific valve affected. Options include:

Prescription medications

Medications can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. These may include diuretics, beta-blockers and anticoagulants.

Lifestyle changes

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can improve overall heart health. This includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding smoking.

Surgical procedures

In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Common procedures include:

• Valve Repair: This involves fixing the damaged valve to restore its function.
• Valve Replacement: In cases where repair is not possible, the damaged valve may be replaced with a mechanical or biological valve.

Elevate Your Health

Heart valve disease is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment. If you or a loved one experience symptoms of heart valve disease, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Remember, early intervention can make a significant difference in outcomes and quality of life.*

At Northern Nevada Medical Group, our family medicine doctors are here to help. Located in the Northern Nevada area, our doctors are dedicated to providing comprehensive patient care for patients of all ages.

Learn more about our cardiology doctors, including what conditions we treat as well as what treatment and services we provide.

Reach out to us with any questions or concerns you may have by scheduling an appointment online or calling 775-352-5300.

*If you believe you or a loved one is experiencing a physical health emergency, CALL 911 or get to the nearest emergency room.