Dealing with Sunburn: Symptoms and Treatments

A sunburn is a common, often underestimated health concern. It occurs when skin is overexposed to the sun’s dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Overexposure can lead to symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain – and skin cancer later on in life. 

Whether you’re a sun-loving person, a concerned parent or someone with sensitive skin, it’s important to understand that sunburn is essentially a radiation burn. It occurs when the skin absorbs too much UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds.

Radiation damages the DNA in your skin cells, causing them to die. In response, your immune system increases blood flow to the affected area. This results in the characteristic redness and swelling of a sunburn. Always wear sunscreen to help prevent sunburn! 

Sunburn Symptoms Range in Severity 

Sunburn symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the burn. The most common symptom is a red or pink skin color. You may also experience pain and tenderness. In more severe cases, sunburn can cause swelling and blisters – and may require aspirin or another pain reliever.

Watch for other signs of severe sunburn or heatstroke: 

• Fever and chills
• Headache
• Rapid pulse
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue or weakness
• Extreme redness

Degrees of sunburn from mild to severe

Sunburns can be classified into three degrees, each with distinct symptoms.

First-degree sunburns are the mildest. They cause redness and pain but don’t usually result in blisters.

Second-degree sunburns are more severe. They cause redness, pain, and swelling, and may also lead to blistering.

Third-degree sunburns are severe and need attention. They cause all the symptoms of second-degree burns, but the blisters are larger and more painful. Regardless, all sunburns can cause discomfort and should be treated promptly for relief. 

What to do immediately after a sunburn  

When you notice a sunburn, immediate action can help alleviate discomfort. Start by cooling the skin with a cool bath or cool bath or shower – and avoid further sun exposure. Hydration is key. Sunburn draws fluid to the skin surface, so drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.

First and foremost, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen if you’ll be outside for any period of time. Reapply sunscreen every two hours and after swimming or sweating. Wear sunscreen even on cloudy days since UV rays can penetrate clouds.

Other ways to reduce the pain and inflammation of a sunburn:  

• Cool the skin with a bath or shower
• Seek shade during peak sun hours of 12 – 3 p.m. 
• Apply a moisturizer after, preferably containing soothing aloe vera  
• Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen  
• Wear SPF protective clothing and a hat outside 
• Stay hydrated 24/7 and keep your skin moist 
• Avoid popping sun blisters, which may lead to infection 

Once you’re healed, gradually expose your skin to the sun to avoid further damage. Remember, sunburn treatment is not just about immediate relief. Long-term care is essential to fully recover and prevent future sunburns.

Always watch for severe symptoms after time in the sun. Monitor for signs of dehydration or heat stroke, which can include a dry mouth, extreme thirst, reduced urination, dizziness and fatigue. Be aware of heat exhaustion or heatstroke. 

If you notice any of these symptoms, seekk medical attention. It’s crucial to understand when a sunburn is more than just a minor skin irritation and may require professional care. 

Regular skin checks are important to monitor for changes in moles or new growths following sunburns. With these steps, you can help your skin recover and prevent future sunburns.

Make a reservation 

Visit Northern Nevada Urgent Care, where they’ll provide resources and treatment plans for sunburns. Northern Nevada Urgent Care has two facilities in Sparks and Reno, NV. These urgent care departments are open Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-7 p.m. On Saturday and Sunday, hours are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Book a reservation seven days a week.

• Reno reservation
• Sparks reservation

Call 911 immediately or go to the nearest emergency department if you’re experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath or other life-threatening symptoms.