Common Questions About Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a common health concern that affects millions of people each year. They can cause discomfort, disrupt daily activities and, if left untreated, lead to serious complications.

Whether you’re currently experiencing a UTI, have had one in the past, or want to prevent one, learn the health strategies for sidestepping the infection.

What are Urinary Tract Infections?

UTIs are infections that occur in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, but they can also be caused by viruses and fungi.

UTIs can range from mild to severe and understanding them is key to effective diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of urinary tract infections 

Symptoms can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is infected. Be aware of these common signs of UTI: 

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate
• A burning sensation during urination
• Cloudy, strong-smelling urine 
• Hints of blood in your urine  
• Lower belly discomfort

In some cases, more severe UTIs can cause lower abdominal pain or discomfort once the infection reaches the kidneys. Then symptoms can escalate to include fever, back pain, nausea or vomiting.

Causes and Risks of Urinary Tract Infections

UTIs are typically caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract, and the most common culprit is Escherichia coli (E. coli), bacteria that’s usually found in the digestive tract. 

While UTIs can affect anyone, women are more likely to get UTIs due to their anatomy. The female urethra is shorter, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Hormonal changes during menopause can also increase the risk.

Other factors can also increase the risk of developing a UTI, including:

• Sexual activity
• Some types of birth control 
• Kidney stones 
• Obstructed urinary tract  

Confirming the diagnosis of UTI 

To diagnose a UTI, healthcare providers typically ask about symptoms and perform a urine test. The urine sample is examined under a microscope for bacteria and white blood cells, all signs of an infection.

In some cases, further tests may be needed. For instance, if UTIs are recurrent or symptoms persist, imaging tests like ultrasounds or CT scans may be used. These can help identify abnormalities in the urinary tract.

It’s crucial to get a proper diagnosis to ensure the correct treatment. Misdiagnosis can lead to ineffective treatment and potential complications.

How do you treat a urinary tract infection? 

Treatment typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The type of antibiotic prescribed depends on the specific bacteria identified in the urine test.

It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. This helps prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics.

In addition to antibiotics, over-the-counter pain relievers can be used to manage UTI symptoms. These can help alleviate discomfort while the antibiotics take effect. Pain relievers do not treat the infection itself and provide temporary relief from symptoms.

Medications should be used under medical supervision. Self-medication can lead to misuse and potential complications. While antibiotics are the primary treatment for minor or emerging UTIs, some home remedies can help manage symptoms and prevent future infections.

• Drinking plenty of water can help dilute urine and ensure frequent urination, flushing bacteria out of the urinary tract.
• Using a heating pad on the lower belly or back can provide relief from pain and discomfort.
• Avoiding irritants like caffeine, alcohol and spicy foods may help reduce bladder irritation.

These remedies should complement, not replace, medical treatment. Always consult a healthcare provider before trying any new treatment.

Should you go to urgent care for UTI? 

Yes, you can go to urgent care for UTIs because they are equipped to diagnose and treat UTIs. Make an appointment with a physician. For recurrent UTIs or complications, it’s advisable to see a urologist or primary care physician for a comprehensive evaluation and treatment plan.

How to Prevent a Urinary Tract Infection 

Preventing UTIs involves a combination of lifestyle changes and good hygiene practices. Staying hydrated is one of the most effective ways to prevent UTIs. 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) other tips for preventing UTI can include:  

• Drink plenty of water to help dilute your urine and ensure that you urinate more frequently, flushing bacteria from the body. 
• Teach girls when potty training to always wipe front to back
• Urinate right after sexual activity
• Take showers instead of long baths
• Minimize douching, sprays or powders in the genital area
• Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting pants to reduce bacterial growth.

Maintaining good hygiene is crucial in preventing UTIs. This includes proper cleaning of the genital area and avoiding products that can irritate the urethra.

Infections are common but can be serious if left untreated. Recognizing the symptoms, causes and treatment options is crucial. Consult a healthcare provider the next time you suspect a UTI.

Find a doctor

Northern Nevada Urgent Care can  provide resources and treatment plans for all of your health needs. We’re open Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. – 7 p.m. Saturday and Sunday hours are 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

Northern Nevada Medical Group

Northern Nevada Health System is a regional multi-facility network offering quality care to residents of the greater Truckee Meadows. We have locations across the region and in rural communities. Northern Nevada Medical Center, a 124-bed acute care hospital in Sparks, is our flagship provider. A second hospital, Sierra Medical Center, opened in 2022, was the first full-service hospital built in the area in over a century.

Call 911 immediately or go to the nearest emergency department if you’re experiencing chest pain, shortness or breath or other life-threatening symptoms.